Answer:
We can list the U.S. federal executive departments and describe their main responsability:
- U.S. Department of State - responsible for foreign policy.
- U.S. Department of the Treasury - prints money (in coordination with the Federal Reserve) and manages the U.S. budget.
- U.S. Department of Defense - is in charge of the military.
- U.S. Department of Justice - is in charge of enforcing the law. Is in charge of the FBI, the DEA, and the federal prison system.
- U.S. Department of Interior - manages the U.S. Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - in charge of all things related to Amerian agriculture.
- U.S. Department of Commerce - is in charge of promoting economic growth and international trade.
- U.S. Department of Labor - in charge of protecting worker's rights.
- U.S. Department of Health - in charge of protecting public health. Led by the Surgeon General.
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development - manages public housing and regulates urbanism in cities.
- U.S. Department of Transportation - Administers the national highways and railroads.
- U.S. Department of Energy - in charge of regulating national energy, including nuclear energy.
- U.S. Department of Education - Provides federal assistance in educational matters to states and cities.
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs - in charge of protecting veteran rights.
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security - Prevents terrorism and enforces immigration policy.