Question

Members of the Archaea typically thrive in conditions of excessive A. heat.B. acidity.C. alkalinity.D. salinity.E. All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

All of the choices are correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

Archaea is the microorganism that can live in an extreme environment. They are the oldest organisms. Therefore, it is called extremophiles. Archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They can survive in extreme heat, acidic environments, and high salt.

The archaea which can thrive in hypersaline habitats called halophilic archaea. These habitats include natural salt lakes, artificial saline habitats, and on the surface of heavily salted food like some fishes, meats, salt porks.

The halophilic archaea also present in marine salterns. When the number of archaea will more, the salinity of the water decrease. The water of the marine saltern becomes reddish-purple due to the massive growth of halophilic archaea.

Some archaea produce methane during the metabolism. The CH4 production process is known as methanogenesis and such archaea known as methanogens.

Thermophiles are the type of archaea that lack a cell wall. It can survive at optimum temperature i.e. 55-degree celsius. Th Picrophilus can survive in the acidic environment. These are called acidophiles. Their cytoplasmic membranes have an unusual lipid arrangement. It forms an acidic impermeable membrane structure. Thus it can survive in acidic medium.

Answer 2

All of the choices are correct. (Ans. E)

Step-by-step explanation:

Archaea: Archaea are single-celled micro-organisms. They have both characteristics prokaryotic cells and they are more closely related to Eukaryotes also.

As archaea are prokaryotic organisms, which are made up of single-celled and lack a true nucleus, and other organelles. They are similar in size and shape like bacterial cells. Other similarities they share with bacteria include single ring DNA, cell wall and presence of flagella. They are sharing characteristics with eukaryotes in terms of membrane and chemical structure.

Archaea are found in extreme environmental conditions such as hot springs (known as extreme thermophiles), salt lakes (known as extreme halophiles), highly acidic environment (known as acidophiles) and alkalinity environment.