Question

A water molecule has polar O−H bonds that result in regions of partial positive charge (hydrogen atoms) and a region of partial negative charge (oxygen atom with lone pairs). Place the Na+ and Cl− ions where H2O molecules are properly oriented to form ion–dipole interactions.

Answer 1

In ion-dipole interactions, the negative end (oxygen) of water molecules will surround the positive Na+ ions, and the positive end (hydrogen) will surround the negative Cl- ions, allowing salts like sodium chloride to dissolve in water.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question relates to the ion-dipole interactions between water molecules and ionic compounds, particularly focusing on how water molecules orient themselves around Na+ and Cl− ions. Water is a polar molecule due to its bent molecular structure where the more electronegative oxygen atom has a partial negative charge (δ−), and the less electronegative hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge (δ+). In the presence of Na+, the oxygen end of the water molecules, being negatively charged, orients itself towards the cation, forming ion-dipole interactions. Similarly, with Cl− ions, the positively charged hydrogen ends of the water molecules are attracted to the anion. These interactions are essential in the dissolution of salts like sodium chloride in water.

Answer 2

Na⁺ by the O and Cl⁻ by the H

Step-by-step explanation:

See attachment for the drawing. The Na⁺ will form an ion-dipole interaction with the partially negative O since opposite charges attract. Similarly, the Cl⁻ will form an ion-dipole interaction with the partially positive H.