Final answer:
Bones that are longer than they are wide with enlarged ends for articulations are known as long bones, including those in the arms, legs, fingers, and toes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bones that are longer than they are wide and generally have enlarged ends for articulations are classified as long bones. These bones are characterized by a central shaft known as the diaphysis and rounded ends termed the epiphyses. The diaphysis contains a marrow cavity with bone marrow, while the epiphyses are covered with articular cartilage and contain red bone marrow responsible for blood cell production.
Examples of long bones include the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, and fibula, as well as the metacarpals and phalanges in the fingers and toes. Long bones function as levers that move during muscle contraction. In contrast to long bones, short bones such as the carpals in the wrist and the tarsals in the ankle, are cube-like and provide stability and support.