Final answer:
Using Newton's second law, the net force on the rock is determined to be 130.42 N after subtracting the gravitational force. Dividing this by the rock's mass, 2 kg, gives us an acceleration of 65.21 m/s^2 for the rock.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks to determine the acceleration of a 2-kg rock that is thrown upward with a force of 150 N where the local gravitational acceleration is 9.79 m/s2.
To find the acceleration, we can use Newton’s second law of motion, which states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma). First, we calculate the gravitational force acting on the rock using Fgravity = mg, where m is the mass of the rock and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Gravitational force (Fgravity) = 2 kg × 9.79 m/s2 = 19.58 N
The net force acting on the rock is the applied force minus the gravitational force (since they are in opposite directions), which gives us: Net force (Fnet) = 150 N – 19.58 N = 130.42 N
Now, apply Newton’s second law to find the acceleration: a = Fnet / m
Thus, acceleration (a) = 130.42 N / 2 kg = 65.21 m/s2.
The rock will accelerate upward with an acceleration of 65.21 m/s2 when it is thrown with a force of 150 N.