Final answer:
The final agreed upon price on a contract is the only option listed that is not an intangible factor in negotiations, as it is a tangible, measurable element.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question refers to intangible factors in negotiation. An intangible factor is something that is not physical or monetary in a negotiation, but can significantly influence the outcome. Examples of intangible aspects include the need to maintain a good reputation, guarantee customer satisfaction, or uphold the values of fairness and honor. These aspects, like brand preferences influenced by advertising, play a vital role in the decision-making process. In contrast, the final agreed-upon price on a contract is a tangible factor because it is a concrete, measurable item. Therefore, the correct answer is b. the final agreed upon price on a contract, as this is the only option that is not an intangible factor.