Final answer:
Remote sensing technology is used to collect data about Earth's surface from satellites or high-altitude platforms, which is crucial for creating detailed maps and monitoring environmental changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite, spacecraft, or specially equipped high-altitude balloon refers to remote sensing technology. This technology has made it possible to capture aerial photographs and images to better understand Earth's landscape, analyze land use, and monitor environmental changes. Remote sensing is critical for creating comprehensive topographical maps and allows scientists to observe Earth from above atmospheric interference, especially for capturing images in the infrared spectrum.
Historically, infrared observations from airborne platforms began in the 1960s and have evolved significantly since then. For instance, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) operates with a 2.5-meter telescope aboard a modified Boeing 747SP, soaring to altitudes where it can capture clear infrared observations. For high-energy wave observations such as ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray, the use of space-based platforms is essential, since these cannot penetrate Earth's atmosphere to be observed from the ground.
Combining observations from multiple satellites, as NASA does, creates a composite image to help provide a more complete and detailed view of Earth. These capabilities are vital for various applications, including environmental monitoring, geographic planning, and scientific research.