Final answer:
The president and Congress differ in terms of their constituencies, election cycles, and constitutional powers; the president represents a national constituency and has a four-year term, whereas members of Congress have various term lengths and focus on different constituent levels, with distinct legislative and executive powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The president and Congress differ in their constituencies, election cycles, and constitutional powers. Constituencies refer to the bodies of voters or residents represented by a particular elected official. While members of Congress may focus on local or state constituents, the president represents a national constituency. Election cycles for Congress and the president are different; the presidency has a four-year term, while the House of Representatives has two-year terms and the Senate has six-year terms. As for constitutional powers, the president is concerned mostly with executive functions and has certain prerogatives in foreign policy, whereas Congress engages in legislative responsibilities and has the power to draft legislation, which must be signed by the president to become law. Both branches share some powers, such as in foreign policy decisions.