The correct answer is A) beliefs that went against the principles of the Catholic faith.
Heresy is the beliefs that went against the principles of the Catholic faith.
For the Catholic Church, heresy is the opposite of the truth that the bible teaches. Everything that questioned or negated the opinion of the Catholic Church was considered heresy and the Church punished people in cruel ways, including death. Great thinkers and scientists that questioned the Church ideas were taken to a jury and they had to say they were wrong to be pardoned. Such as the case of astronomers Copernicus and Galileo Galilei, that had to retract themselves in order to not be punished.