Answer:
- Muslims power was extensive to give great competition to the Europeans that could create Caliphates.
- Islamic political structure was existed.
Step-by-step explanation:
- The death of Prophet Muhammad led to the creation of an Islamic state known as caliphate.
- They started to occupy vast geographical area. Muslims were forced to have contact with the Europeans.
- As the Muslim power was extensive, they could give a militated united response to the Europeans and few of them could align with European enemies too.
- They started producing trans-Saharan Islam between Morocco and Sudan with growing commercial and political links