Answer:
Correct answer is "d".
Step-by-step explanation:
The Umayyad also called Omayyad was the first Muslim dynasty to achieve success after caliph rule. The Umayyads were a big merchant family commanded by Abū Sufyān.
Their dynasty was a centralised authority within the Islāmic civilisation, also they were responsible for a fast expansion of the territory.
The Umayyads constructed a uniform empire supported by a strong government, standard language, and a common money.