Step-by-step explanation:
Nanofibers in general are a network of threads, with dimensions of the order of 10 to 100s of nanometer. These networks provide high surface area which helps in enhanced physical and chemical properties associated with the substance.
Electro-spinning is one of the techniques for producing nanofibers. It involves the use of an electric field to charge the required threads and draw then from polymeric solutions or melts in shapes of nanofibers, whose dimensions can vary over the aforementioned range. Electro-spinning in a way is a combination of the conventional spinning of fibers and spraying using electric fields (referred to as electrospraying). Unlike coagulative procedures for fiber production, electrospinning does not require complex chemistry reaction. It neither requires high temperatures otherwise essentail to draw threads from polymeric solutions. Therefore the process of electro-spinning becomes more convenient when treating larger threads/fibers and/or complicated molecules.
This technology finds immense relevance in current industrial domains, such as solar cells, fuel cells, membranes and filters, tissue repair and engineering, targeted drug delivery, and chemical sensors. The light weight coupled with high tensile strength of such fibers makes them highly beneficial for such purposes where it serves the required purpose without adding on to the weight of the apparatus involved, or compromising with the required strength of the substance.