In the area of tissue and organ bio-engineering, scientist have been able to create simple tissues like cartilage. However, they are yet to accomplish in creating complex organs such as heart and lungs. There are many complications while creating heart, lungs and kidney because they have complex structure, different types of cells and also varied functions.
However, creation of windpipe is an achievement as many infections can be cured. Thus, tissue engineering is an emerging branch of science which also needs advanced technology and huge investment.