Question

Commercial hydrochloric acid (HCl) is typically labeled as being 38.0 % (weight %). The density of HCl is 1.19 g/mL. a) What is the molarity of the commercial HCl solution? b) What is the molality of the commercial HCl solution? c) How many liters of the above commercial HCl solution do you need in order to prepare 5.00 L of a 6.00 M HCl solution?

Answer 1

For a: The molarity of commercial HCl solution is 12.39 M.

For b: The molality of commercial HCl solution is 16.79 m.

For c: The volume of commercial HCl solution needed is 2.42 L.

Step-by-step explanation:

We are given:

Mass % of commercial HCl solution = 38 %

This means that 38 grams of HCl is present in 100 grams of solution.

To calculate the volume of solution, we use the equation:

`Density=(Mass)/(Volume)`

Density of HCl solution = 1.19 g/mL

Mass of solution = 100 g

Putting values in above equation:

`1.19g/mL=\frac{100g}{\text{Volume of solution}}\\\\\text{Volume of solution}=84.034mL`

• For a:

To calculate the molarity of solution, we use the equation:

`\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}* 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}* \text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}`

We are given:

Molarity of solution = ?

Molar mass of HCl = 36.5 g/mol

Volume of solution = 84.034 mL

Mass of HCl = 38 g

Putting values in above equation, we get:

`\text{Molality of commercial HCl solution}=(38* 1000)/(36.5* 84.034)\\\\\text{Molality of commercial HCl solution}=12.39M`

Hence, the molarity of commercial HCl solution is 12.39 M.

• For b:

To calculate the molality of solution, we use the equation:

`Molarity=\frac{m_(solute)* 1000}{M_(solute)* W_(solvent)\text{ (in grams)}}`

Where,

`m_(solute)` = Given mass of solute (HCl) = 38 g

`M_(solute)` = Molar mass of solute (HCl) = 36.5 g/mol

`W_(solvent)` = Mass of solvent = 100 - 38 = 62 g

Putting values in above equation, we get:

`\text{Molality of commercial HCl solution}=(38* 1000)/(36.5* 62)\\\\\text{Molality of commercial HCl solution}=16.79m`

Hence, the molality of commercial HCl solution is 16.79 m.

• For c:

To calculate the molarity of the diluted solution, we use the equation:

`M_1V_1=M_2V_2`

where,

`M_1\text{ and }V_1` are the molarity and volume of the concentrated solution

`M_2\text{ and }V_2` are the molarity and volume of diluted solution

We are given:

`M_1=6M\\V_1=5.00L\\M_2=12.39M\\V_2=?L`

Putting values in above equation, we get:

`6* 5=12.39* V_2\\\\V_2=2.42L`

Hence, the volume of commercial HCl solution needed is 2.42 L.