Answer:
C) Chiaroscuro
Step-by-step explanation:
Chiaroscuro is defined by the contrast between light and shadow in the representation of an object, but with a lower number of tonal nuances, in the transitions, when compared to the sfumato. In the case of this van Honthorst painting, light is directly on the singer's faces, leading our eyes to them, when all the other aspects of the painting has soft shadows, or are hiding by something.