Question

Which of the following serve as chemical signals between cells and stimulate a wide range of nonspecific defenses?

cytokines
antimicrobial peptides
complement proteins
antibodies

Answer 1

A. Cytokines

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

Cytokines

Step-by-step explanation:

• Cytokines are small proteins that play an important role in cell signaling and play an important role in the innate immune system by stimulating a variety of nonspecific defenses.
• Several cells are known to produce cytokines such as macrophages, B cells, T cells, etc.
• These include chemokines, interleukins, interferons, lymphokines, and tumor necrosis factors and performs several immunomodulatory actions.
• They help to maintain a balance between the humoral and cell-mediated response of the immune system.
• The cytokines act on their targets through specific reporters on which they bind.