Question

Probability of someone either owning a dog or being male.
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Answer 1

c. 60.278%

Explanation:

There is a 27.778% probability that someone owns a dog.

There is a 45% probability that someone is a male.

However, these two are not mutually exclusive. 12.5% both own a dog and are male. If we simply add 27.778% and 45%, we'll be double counting the overlap. To avoid this, we subtract 12.5%.

27.778% + 45% − 12.5% = 60.278%