Question

Explain how consumer and producer surplus affect economic well-being. When the price of a good or service is – enough, it will encourage consumers to buy. However, the price also has to be – enough to encourage producers to sell. In this way, both parties benefit from the sale. In order to calculate producer surplus, sellers must understand their direct costs and their – costs, while consumers must consider their – price based on the value they place on a particular good or service.

Answer 1

Answer: Low, high, opportunity, reservation.

Explanation: When the price of a good or service is low enough, it will encourage consumers to buy. However, the price also has to be high enough to encourage producers to sell. In this way, both parties benefit from the sale. In order to calculate producer surplus, sellers must understand their direct costs and their opportunity costs, whereas consumers must consider their reservation price based on the value they place on a particular good or service.

Answer 2

the general welfare will be the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus.

Step-by-step explanation:

The consumer and producer surplus assessment serves to measure the overall efficiency of the market, which in turn is associated with overall well-being. An efficient market is one in which both consumers and producers have the incentive to negotiate and effect trade.

Consumer surplus is the difference between the amount he or she is willing to pay and how much he or she actually pays for the product. This surplus is positive when the amount paid is less than the amount for which the consumer would be willing to pay.

Similarly, the producer's surplus is the difference between the market price and the price at which the seller is willing to produce and sell. When the producer's surplus is positive, it means that he sells the product for a price higher than the minimum value that would stimulate him to produce.

Thus, the general welfare will be the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus.