Answer:
1. The causes of the Civil War were mostly slavery, but some other things, such as the political differences between the South and the North also sparked the war itself, which included the rights of states, expansion of the U.S, and the rise of Abraham Lincoln. All of these factors eventually led to the big civil war between the divided country.
2. The election of 1860 was the election for the 20th President for the United States, and it was held on November 6, 1860. It was the final straw leading to the civil war because the Southern states said that if Abraham Lincoln was elected, they would leave the union. He did win, and the result was the Southern states immediately withdrawing from the Union and forming their own group, later called the Confederates.
3. The U.S was divided at the outbreak of the war because there were many different views on slavery, expansion, and the growth of the U.S itself. During the outbreak of the civil war, there were 11 Confederate states and 23 Union states.
4. The border states during the Civil War were the slave states that didn't leave the Union. These states included Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. West Virginia, which separated from Virginia during the war, was also considered a border state.
5. The issue of slavery led to the division, since the Union felt like slavery had to be abolished, while the South said that slavery was needed to keep the economy growing.
6. Advantages + Disadvantages of Confederacy: Fighting on the Defensive+, more MORALE+, less soldiers -, less industrial power-, bad transportation-, more farms+
Advantages + Disadvantages of the Union: Invading another territory-, more industrial work+, more soldiers+, Navy controlled the sea+, very good transport+
7.The major events in Lincoln's presidency was his release of the Emancipation Proclamation, the assassination of him, and the legacy that he had after his death. All of these had huge impacts, since they paved the way for the next generation.
8. The consequences of the civil war were the deaths of the soldiers/civilians, the economic destruction, and the loss of slavery( for the South).
Part B( it's not that long :) )
1. The challenges they faced was redressing the equality of whites and blacks, and the political, economical, and social challenges that they had to solve before becoming a whole country again.
2. The Reconstruction plan was mostly beneficial since the Reconstruction was a success in that it restored the United States as a unified nation: by 1877, all of the former Confederate states had drafted new constitutions, acknowledged the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, and pledged their loyalty to the U.S. government.
3. The Southerners did not like the laws passed by Congress, since they were the losers of the war, and losing slavery was unbeneficial to their cause.
For the other questions, could you please repost the picture? I can't see it clearly enough to answer them. Thanks!