Answer:
C. Dietary supplements can be beneficial for pregnant women, vegeterians and vegans, older adults, those with lactose intolerance, and anyone else who has a difficult time meeting nutrient needs through food.
D. Dietary supplements are approved and strictly regulated by FDA.
E. Fortified foods can increase the risk of over-consuming certain nutrients.
Explanation:
Dietary supplements and pregnancy, vegans and vegeterians, lactose intolerant people --
Vegans and vegeterians -- there is a certain concern about vegan diets and whether they provide enough minerals and vitamins or not. A lot of people claim that whole-food diet is full of daily nutrients that a human body needs. Some even advise them not to take any supplements at all. There are some of the nutrients that should be taken while on a vegan diet:
Zinc -- plays a huge role for our metabolism, immune function and the repair of body cells. If an organism doesn't contain sufficient amount of zinc, it can lead to hair loss, diarrhea, and delayed wound healing.
Calcium -- is a mineral that's essential for strong bones and teeth health. It also plays a big role in muscle function, hearth health and nerve signals.
Omega 3 -- plays a huge role in our brain and our eyes. Adequate nutrients from Omega 3, plays a crucial role in brain development, and reduces the risk of depression, inflammation, breast cancer and ADHD ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder )
Vitamin B12 -- includes protein metabolism and the form of oxygen-transport of red blood cells, it also plays a huge role in our nervous system
Pregnancy and supplements -- while a woman is pregnant, her macronutrient intake needs to change and grow significantly. They include carbs, proteins and fats. Vitamins and minerals are a great way of support when it comes to maternal and fetal growth at any stage of pregnancy and must be taken in order to support critical functions like cell growth and cell signaling. Some women need more vitamins and minerals due to different reasons -- poor diet, smoking, when a woman carries more than one baby, when vomiting is very often, dietary restrictions... Vitamins and minerals that are advised in pregnancy:
Iron, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Fish Oil, Folate, Prenatal Vitamins etc.
Lactose intolerance and supplements -- lactase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of lactose ( sugar found in milk) into simple sugar glucose and glactose. A body of a person that's lactose intolerant doesn't produce enough lactase. If you are suffering from this condition, you should find a different solution in order to get in your system every mineral and vitamin that's needed. Regular milk should be exchanged to soy ( rich in potassium, antioxidants and protein), coconut or almond milk. Lactose- free milk is rich in calcium, vitamin A, B and K, zinc, potassium and magnesium.
FDA -- regulates finished dietary supplements and their ingredients. They regulate dietary supplements under different rules and regulations than those who are covering conventional foods and drugs. FDA's responsibility is to take action against any type of adultery or misbranding when it comes to dietary supplements after they were published on the market.
Fortified foods or enriched foods -- foods that have extra added nutrients that naturally don't exist in the food. They have a role of improving nutrition and add some benefits to the overall health. Milk is very often fortified with vitamin D, and fruit juices get calcium as addition.
An enriched food is food that gets nutrients back, by adding them back in, that were lost during processing. This process is intended to restore its original vitamin levels.
In some cases, enriched foods are very helpful, but it's very easy to get too much of them. They can contribute to nutrient overdosing. A person should be aware of how much nutrient they are getting in their system. Regular food can't be excluded, and a person should always keep an eye on serving sizes, as it can lead to vitamin and mineral overdose.