Final answer:
During El Niño, the usual nutrient-rich upwelling along the South American coast does not occur due to disrupted water movements, which is different from other periods when upwelling supports marine life by bringing deep, nutrient-rich waters to the surface.
Step-by-step explanation:
During El Niño, a few key environmental changes occur affecting oceanic and weather patterns. One of these changes is that there is a high air pressure cell in the western Pacific and a low pressure cell in the eastern Pacific. Additionally, warm surface water is moved from the western Pacific to the eastern Pacific. However, during El Niño, the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water along the South American coast is disrupted. This upwelling is crucial for maintaining the high productivity and nutrient levels of these waters, and its absence can have negative effects on marine life and local fisheries.