Answer:
d. a sense of oppression and domination
Step-by-step explanation:
In this excerpt, Douglass conveys the idea that there is no other country more cruel, brutal, tyrannical, and hypocrite than America, the verb “reigns” is used to contribute to that overall idea. Although the literal meaning of the word is “to hold royal office” or “to be king or queen,” in this context the word invokes another idea in addition to its literal meaning: its connotation is negative and gives us a sense of oppression and domination.