The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The statement that describes the link between U.S. foreign policy and the rise of Islamic extremist leaders in Afghanistan during the late 20th century is "The government of the US provided Islamic extremists with weapons to help them fight against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
When the Soviet Union troops invaded Afghanistan in December 1979, the United States government knew it had to react and send weapons and war supplies to Afghanistan. As part of the rivalry created by the two superpowers -the US and the Soviet Union- during the Cold War years, the foreign policy of the US always was of containment. This means that meanwhile, the Soviet Union tried to spread Communism in many countries of the world, the United States tried to stop the spread of Communism.