Question

The “Big Dig”

The “Big Dig” (the Central Artery/Tunnel Project) has been complex and challenging. Located in Boston, Massachusetts, this tunnel is eight lanes wide and three-and-a-half miles long. What is most amazing about this tunnel is that it is constructed under a major highway and skyscrapers located in Boston’s financial district.

Construction crews used “clamshell excavators” during this dig. These machines carved narrow trenches, and then a special substance was pumped into the trench to keep the dirt from caving in. Finally, steel beams were lowered into the trench and concrete was pumped in.

One problem that engineers faced while constructing the tunnel is the fact that the soil beneath Boston is extremely loose and soggy. Engineers solved this dilemma by freezing the soil and pumping very cold water into pipes beneath the city. To strengthen the soil even further, a special type of glue was injected into the ground to help with the consolidation of the soil.

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Which phrase best defines the word excavator as used in the passage?
A.
a device used to measure underground temperatures
B.
a device used to level uneven surfaces
C.
a device used to move heavy objects
D.
a device used to dig holes

Answer 1

B. A device to level uneven surfaces
(they used concrete to level the ground)

Answer 2

D: a device used to dig holes.

Step-by-step explanation:

The word excavator used in the passage is best defined by the phrase "a device used to dig holes". The meaning of the verb excavate is to make a hole in the ground by digging up soil . A "clamshell excavator" used during "this dig" is a large machine with a long arm and a container connected to it, and it is used for digging up the ground.