The caste system is a closed form of social stratification where social standing is predetermined by birth and remains fixed throughout a person's life. It has historically been most prominent in Indian society, closely tied to Hindu religious beliefs. Although officially dismantled in India, the effects of the caste system remain, especially in rural areas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The caste system is a form of social stratification where people are born into a social status, which is fixed and inherited, determining their occupations, marriage partners, and overall place in society. In historical contexts, especially within India, the caste system, or 'jati,' is intricately linked with religious beliefs and practices. For instance, in Hinduism, the concept of karma and reincarnation are believed to justify the social hierarchy, implying that one's caste is a result of past life deeds and can only change upon rebirth. While the Indian caste system has been formally abolished, it continues to influence societal structure, less so in cities where greater social mobility is noted, particularly with merit-based employment practices introduced by corporations. Nevertheless, in rural areas, caste-related disparities and prejudices persist more rigorously.
In Western historical context, anthropologists like Davis, Gardner, and Gardner have argued that a form of caste system existed reflecting racial inequalities, defining it as an immutable social stratification based on birth circumstances. They proposed that systemic racism created a fixed social inequality that appeared permanent, though capable of change over time.