Question

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: C(s)+H2O(g)⇌CO(g)+H2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged upon each of the following disturbances. a) C is added to the reaction mixture. b) H2Ois condensed and removed from the reaction mixture c) CO is added to the reaction mixture d) H2 is removed from the reaction mixture.

Answer 1

The equilibrium of the reaction C(s)+H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g)+H2(g) will not change when C is added, will shift left when H2O is removed or CO is added, and will shift right when H2 is removed.

Step-by-step explanation:

Predicting the shifts in equilibrium can be done using Le Chatelier's principle. Disturbances to the system will cause the equilibrium to shift in a way that counteracts the change.

Shifts in Equilibrium for the Reaction C(s)+H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2(g)

a) Adding carbon (C) to the reaction mixture has no impact on the equilibrium because it is a pure solid. The reaction will remain unchanged.

b) Removing water vapor (H2O) will shift the equilibrium to the left as the system tries to replace the removed substance.

c) Adding carbon monoxide (CO) will shift the equilibrium to the left as the system attempts to reduce excess products.

d) Removing hydrogen gas (H2) will shift the equilibrium to the right in order to produce more hydrogen gas.

Answer 2

a) C is added to the reaction mixture. "Not change"

b) H₂O is condensed and removed from the reaction mixture. "shift left"

c) CO is added to the reaction mixture. "shift left"

d) H₂ is removed from the reaction mixture. "shift right"

Step-by-step explanation:

Le Châtelier's principle states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.

a) C is added to the reaction mixture:

C is a solid so it doen't affect

So, the reaction stay at the same.

b) H₂O is condensed and removed from the reaction mixture:

Removing H₂O will decrease the concentration of the reactants side, so the reaction will be shifted to the left side to suppress the decrease in the concentration of H₂O by removal.

So, the reaction shift left.

c) CO is added to the reaction mixture:

Adding CO will increase the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted to the left side to suppress the increase in the concentration of CO by addition.

So, the reaction shift left.

d) H₂ is removed from the reaction mixture:

Removing H₂ will decrease the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted to the right side to suppress the increase in the concentration of H₂ by removal.

So, the reaction shift right.