Answer: the term for the right to vote is suffrage, political franchise or only franchise.
Explanation: suffrage is very commonly applied to election of representatives but can also applied to referenda and initiatives. Referenda or referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal. This could result in issuing a new law. In some countries, it is synonymous with a plebiscite or a vote on a ballot question. Initiative also known as a popular or citizens' initiative is a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can make a government to elect to either enact a law or hold a public vote in parliament in what is called indirect initiative, or under direct initiative, the proposition is immediately put to a plebiscite or referendum, in what is called a Popular initiated Referendum or citizen-initiated referendum.