The correct answer is A. False causality
Step-by-step explanation:
False causality is a type of fallacy or invalid argument that relies on using an event that occurred at the same time than another to explain the second event which implies one event is attributed as the cause of other based on their correlation. This is considered as a fallacy because two events that occur at the same time are not always related or one is the cause of the other. This type of fallacy is the one presented in "Ever since they built the bowling alley in town, students have been getting worse grades" because this person believes the bowling alley is responsible for the students' grades just because both events occur at the same time; however, these two events seem not to be related and this makes the argument a fallacy of false causality.