Answer:
The correct answer is b) Inspired nationalist movements for unification
Step-by-step explanation:
Napoleon Bonaparte was a staunch monarchist and had worked heavily against the ideals of Republicanism.
As he grew his influence in Europe, he invaded large parts of modern Germany and Italy. At the time, these were loose confederation of city-states and provinces.
However, as more and more countries were encroached, there was a rise in nationalism and a movement towards unification of smaller provinces to form larger and more centralized government that can meet the needs of its people.