Economic: The south lost much of its agricultural land due to it being destroyed in battles, and the loss of slavery meant serious economic downfall because their industry relied heavily on slave labour. However, the North was more industrialised, so it benefitted from the added railroad and the manufacture of wartime products.
Social: 2% of the population was killed; many lost loved ones and family members. Also, racial prejudice resulted in the formation of the KKK by many whites who were angry that African-Americans had been freed-- as well as the Jim Crow laws being enforced
Political: 13th, 14th and 15th amendments passed in the constitution