Final answer:
People who disagreed with the new constitution included poorer rural Americans who feared central government power, as well as Anti-Federalists who worried about the loss of state autonomy and the lack of a bill of rights. In France, the members of the Third Estate rebelled against the monarchy and the flawed voting system of the Estates General.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the ratification of the new constitution, there were various groups that might have disagreed with its adoption. According to historian Charles Beard, this conflict could be viewed through economic class lenses, with wealthy property owners generally in favor and poorer community members opposed. The support and opposition, however, were not strictly divided along economic lines. Urban Americans, both affluent and destitute, tended to support the Constitution as they believed it would foster business and trade. In contrast, rich and poor rural Americans mostly opposed it due to fears of central government dominance and high taxation, similar to British tyranny.
The three estates in France, comprising of the commoners, nobility, and clergy, had disparate interests in the reform. The commoners, particularly educated merchants and substantial landowners, along with some clergy and nobility support, sought a new government structure to limit monarchical power. However, when the Estates General met, the first and second estates typically defeated any initiatives proposed by the Third Estate due to a flawed voting system. This led to political upheaval and the creation of the National Assembly by the Third estate, which was an act of political rebellion.
In America, the opposing group known as Anti-Federalists voiced concerns over the Constitution. They feared the powerful central government would overshadow states' rights, putting liberty at risk. They also feared that the elites would use the new government to benefit the wealthy at the expense of the common citizens and that the absence of a bill of rights was a significant oversight.