Final answer:
A sign of testicular cancer is often a lump or swelling in the testis, possibly with pain or a heavy feeling. Diagnosis involves a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests. Testicular cancer, especially in younger males, has a high cure rate and is typically treated with surgery and possibly additional therapies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Signs and Symptoms of Testicular Cancer
A common sign of testicular cancer is the presence of a lump or swelling in one of the testes. This can be accompanied by pain, ranging from a subtle ache to sharp discomfort, or there may be no pain at all. In some cases, individuals experience a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. Other symptoms may include fluid accumulation in the scrotum, and, if the cancer has spread, symptoms such as a cough or shortness of breath may occur. Testicular cancer is particularly common in younger males, particularly those aged between 15 to 39 years old and is more frequently found in those of European descent.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Cancer
To diagnose testicular cancer, a physical examination is performed, often followed by an ultrasound to assess the lump and blood tests to check for tumor markers. Treatment is highly effective, with a high cure rate, and typically involves surgical removal of the affected testicle, which may be followed by radiation or chemotherapy. Preservation of reproductive functions is possible if the other testis is healthy.