Question

What happens when an electrical gradient and a chemical gradient are applying opposite forces to active transport?

Answer 1

They negate each other.

Step-by-step explanation:

The combined effects of electrical and chemical gradients lead to the formation of an electrochemical gradient. This simply means that both an electrical gradient and a chemical gradient can have an effect on the movement of substances, and that their effects may combine (the chemical and electrical gradients encourage movement in the same direction), or they may negate (one gradient opposes another).

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Answer 2

In a cell, there are two kinds of gradients found, that is, chemical and electrical. The electrical gradient is produced by the net charge of negative and positive charges found across the membrane. The chemical gradient is produced by the concentration of ions across the membrane. In combination, it is called the electrochemical gradient, which in general function in reverse directions.

The procedure where pumping of ions takes place across the membrane via ion pumps against the electrochemical gradient is known as the active transport. This mode of transport sustains the balance of ions across the membranes and is dependent upon energy. The ATP is provided by the metabolic activities of the cell.