Final answer:
Public reaction to Yuan Shikai's attempt to declare himself emperor was strongly negative, leading to a fracturing of the nation and ultimately contributing to the rise of Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party.
Step-by-step explanation:
After Yuan Shikai announced plans to make himself emperor in 1915, the reaction was overwhelmingly negative and resulted in significant political upheaval. Additional provinces in China broke away in protest, reflecting widespread disapproval of Yuan's attempt to restore a monarchical system in a republic that had only recently overthrown its last emperor. The political instability following Yuan's death in 1916 led to conflicts between the republic and various warlords, signaling the rejection of his imperial ambitions. The nationalist resurgence gained momentum, particularly after the May 4, 1919, student protests in Beijing against the Versailles Treaty, which were partly a manifestation of the disappointment over Yuan's failed policies and increasing foreign encroachment on Chinese sovereignty.
Ultimately, Yuan's announcement led to a loss of support for his government and increased internal strife, paving the way for the reemergence of Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang and the eventual formation of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921. These events significantly shaped the modern history of China, leading to the eventual reunification of the republic under Sun Yat-sen in Canton and contributing to the broader struggle against warlordism and imperial ambitions.