The correct answer is B. Kepler
Step-by-step explanation:
Johannes Kepler was an important astronomer and mathematician during the 17th century mainly known for his proposals related to the planetary motion that was the base for modern models of the solar system as well as other works such as the theory of universal gravitation by Newton. In his theory, Kepler proposed three main laws that stated the orbit of planets were elliptical rather than perfectly circular, the orbital period dependent on the axis or longest diameter of the orbit and each orbit had two foci. Additionally, this model differs from Copernicus because Copernicus had proposed orbits were circular. Therefore, the astronomer that created the modern model of the solar system and discovered orbits were elliptical was Kepler.