Final answer:
Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis technique used to determine the unknown concentration of an analyte by reacting it with a titrant of known concentration until the equivalence point is reached, with stoichiometry used to calculate the final concentration.
Step-by-step explanation:
In titration analysis, a known concentration of a reactant, the titrant, is added to a solution with an unknown quantity of another reactant, the analyte, to determine the unknown concentration. The titration continues until the equivalence point is reached, indicated by a color change if an indicator is used or by pH measurement. This process involves careful measurement of the added volume of the titrant, allowing calculations based on stoichiometry to determine the concentration of the unknown reactant in the solution.
Weak acids and bases only partially dissociate in water, making them more challenging to analyze without precise techniques such as titrations. By applying the principles of stoichiometry, the number of moles and the concentration of the analyte can be calculated from the volume and concentration of the titrant. This quantitative analysis is essential in fields such as chemistry, environmental science, and medicine, providing accurate measurements for various applications.