Answer:
D) transferred electron provides both elements with a full outer energy level.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ionic or Electrovalent bonds are interatomic bonds that are formed as result of transfer of electrons between two atoms. The more electronegative atom would attract the electron to itself.
Na, sodium has an electronic configuration of 2,8,1 with a Valence electron.
Cl, chlorine is an halogen with an electronic configuration of 2,8,7.
When atoms combines, the goal is to form an octet configuration to mimic those of noble gases.
If Na, loses one electron, it would have a configuration of 2,8 which looks like a Neon atom. This configuration is stable for Na.
If the electron lost is gained by Cl, the configuration becomes 2,8,8 and resembles an Argon atom.
We can see that by the loss and gain of electrons between Na and Cl the atoms attain a stable octet configuration.
The atom Cl has more affinity for the electron. This would leave a net negative charge on its ion.
The electropositive and metallic Na would donate the electron. Its atom would then show a perfect octet of Ne, Neon. This leave a net positive charge on its ion.
Therefore, the bond type between Na and Cl is an Electrovalent bond.