Final answer:
The majority of glomeruli are located in the cortex of the kidney, where they form part of the renal corpuscles and are adjacent to the tubular structures involved in urine formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The majority of glomeruli are located in the cortex of the kidney. This region of the kidney houses all of the renal corpuscles as well as the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) and distal convoluted tubules (DCTs). Some nephrons within the cortex are termed cortical nephrons and have a shorter loop of Henle that does not extend beyond the cortex, whereas about 15 percent of nephrons, which are called juxtamedullary nephrons, have long loops of Henle that plunge deep into the medulla.
The other options provided do not accurately describe the location of the majority of glomeruli. The vasa recta and medulla house the renal pyramids and longer loops of Henle associated with juxtamedullary nephrons, pelvis is the area into which the renal pyramids drain before connecting to the ureter, and calyces are the chambers that collect urine before it passes into the renal pelvis.