vertical colums tell the valence and the horozontal rows tell the amount of rings that the electrons circle in.
It is easy to find this by simply looking at the Group # (these are the column numbers).
Elements in Group 1 all have 1 electron in their valence shell, Elements in group 2 have 2 and so on...
If you mean how many shells there are then look at the Period # this is the horizontal groups) the Period # corresponds with the number of electron shells.
Elements in Period 2 have 2 electron shells, elements in Period 3 have 3 and so on...