Final answer:
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and controls conscious functions such as reasoning, language, sight, touch, and hearing. It is divided into two hemispheres, each with four lobes. The cerebral cortex is responsible for many higher mental functions and specific regions within it have different functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and controls conscious functions such as reasoning, language, sight, touch, and hearing. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, with each hemisphere having four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The cerebral cortex, the thin outer layer of gray matter, is responsible for many higher mental functions, including memory, learning, and conscious perception.
Within the cerebral cortex, specific regions are responsible for different functions. For example, language functions are often localized to the left hemisphere in 95% of the population. Additionally, the left hemisphere is connected to the right side of the body, controlling motor functions on the opposite side and receiving sensory information from the opposite side as well.
Keywords: cerebrum, cerebral cortex, hemispheres, lobes, language functions, motor functions, sensory information