Final answer:
The correct chronological order is Middle Ages, Reformation, Counter-Reformation, Renaissance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct chronological order is option D: Middle Ages, Reformation, Counter-Reformation, Renaissance.
The Middle Ages, also known as the Medieval period, spanned from the 5th until the 15th centuries and followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was followed by the Renaissance, a cultural movement that marked the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. The Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther in the early 16th century, was a religious movement that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to the formation of Protestant denominations. The Counter-Reformation was a Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to revive and reform the Catholic Church.