Final answer:
The Russian noble class opposed industrialization due to concerns over losing privileges and disrupting the social hierarchy, and industrialization led to social dissatisfaction due to poor working conditions and political pressure for reform.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two concerns that led the Russian noble class to oppose industrialization were the fear of losing their traditional privileges and the potential upheaval of the rigid social structure. Russia's nobility, deeply tied to their landowning status and power over serfs, saw industrialization as a threat to the existing social order. Additionally, the potential for political instability and the rise of a new class of urban workers challenged the historical dominance of the nobility and the traditional economic base of agriculture.
The social problems associated with industrialization included poor working conditions, low wages, and the development of squalid living conditions in rapidly growing urban areas. These factors contributed to widespread dissatisfaction, poverty, and disease, setting the stage for social discontent. Political problems arose as the small elite group that was making decisions faced increasing pressure from a population eager for a new political system and governmental reform.
Russia's hesitation to industrialize also weighed on its potential for growth, as the country lacked artisans, a mechanizable craft sector, and had a large serf population bound to the land. The paradox of Marxist theory in Russia, where industrialization did not reach the majority of the population, meant that the expectation of a proletariat revolution was not directly applicable to the Russian context.