Answer:
a. Subtraction property
b. Addition property and Multiplication property
Explanation:
Given

Solving (a): Which property is applied to

The property applied is the subtraction property of inequality, and it states that:
If

Then

So, in this case:

Solving (b): Other properties
1. The additive property of equality
If

Then

So, the expression can be written as:

When 12 is subtracted from both sides, the equation returns to the original
i.e.


2. The multiplication property of equality
If

Then

So, the expression can be written as:


When both sides are divided by 2, the equation returns to the original
i.e.

