Question

1. How would you calculate the atomic mass of an atom of silver (Ag)?

2. The element chlorine (Cl) has 17 protons and 17 electrons. What happens to an atom of chlorine (Cl) if it gains an electron?

3. How does an atom differ from a molecule?

4. How do protons, neutrons, and electrons differ?

5. The element lithium (Li) has 3 protons and 3 electrons. The element fluorine (F) has 9 protons and 9 electrons. An atom of the element lithium (Li) transfers an electron to an atom of the element fluorine (F). Which type of bond results between the atoms, and what happens to the charges in each of the atoms?

6. Why do the minerals graphite and diamond look different even though they’re made from the same element, carbon (C)?

Answer 1

To determine the atomic mass of silver, or any other element, add the number of protons and the number of neutrons together.

If a chlorine atom gains an electron, it will have an unequal number of protons and electrons, which makes it an ion. Because electrons are negatively charged, the ion will be negatively charged, also called an anion.

An atom is the smallest component of an element that retains all of the chemical properties of that element. A molecule is two or more atoms that have bonded together.

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons are found in the area surrounding the nucleus of an atom. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge.

Because the lithium atom loses a negatively charged electron, it becomes a positively charged ion, or cation. Because the fluorine gains a negatively charged electron, it becomes a negatively charged ion, or anion. A bond between an anion and a cation is an ionic bond.

Graphite and diamond look different because the carbon atoms bond to one another in different ways in the two minerals. This gives each mineral a unique lattice structure and, as a result, a different physical appearance.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Atomic mass of silver:

Atomic mass of an atom is the sum of all the subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom.

We know that electrons have very negligible mass and the bulk of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the small nucleus which contains protons and neutrons.

Therefore, we can calculate the atomic mass of such element such as Silver by adding the number of Protons and Neutrons together.

Atomic mass = Proton + Neutron

2. Number of electrons = 17

Number of protons = 17

If this atom of chlorine gains an electron more, the number of protons increases by 1 and we then have 18 electrons.

For this atom, it becomes negatively charged as the number of electrons is now greater than that of protons by 1.

3. An atom is the smallest unit of matter that can take part in chemical reaction e.g Na, K etc.

A molecule is a chemical combination of atoms.

Atoms - - - - molecules - - - - matter

4. Protons are positively charged particles in an atom

Neutrons are neutrally charged ie 0 charge

Electrons are negatively charged particles on an atom.

5. We have two elements:

Lithium and fluorine

For chemical combination to occur, there must be gain or loss of electron in such a way that the atom mimics group 8 elements.

Lithium has a configuration of 2,1

It has a valency of 1

The loss of one electron in its outermost shell makes it looks like an helium atom, a noble gas.

Flouirne has a configuration of 2,7

It would require an electron to complete its octet.

The combination Li and F would result into a loss of an electron by Li and it would become psotively charged

Flourine would gain the electron and becomes a posively charged atom.

The compound resulting is LiF: Lithium Fluoride

There is thus a net transfer of electrons. This is an electrovalent bond being created.

6. Graphite and diamond are allotropes of carbon.

Graphite is made up of carbon atoms that are arranged layers on top of one another. They look like sheet.

The carbon atoms on diamond are crosslinked to one another. Each atom bonded to one another in a cubic form.