When the 13th Amendment was ratified by all states and slavery ended officially, life did not get easier for African Americans. Many of the brutalities against them persisted, Southern States passed a series of laws that made life difficult for them, they were unable to serve on juries, testify against whites, serve in state militias. Since most of African Americans did not know how to read or write, many of them remained poor due sharecropping and tenant farming, that mostly maintained the same structure as slavery.