Final answer:
The photosynthetic electron transport chain is located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast in plant cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The photosynthetic electron transport chain is located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast in plant cells. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is d. in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. In comparison, the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, take place in the stroma of the chloroplast. Additionally, in prokaryotes, the electron transport systems are found in the cytoplasmic membrane, often referred to as the plasma membrane, which is equivalent to the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes.