Question

The beginning of anaphase is indicated by which of the following?

A. Spindle microtubules begin to polymerize.
B. Kinetochores attach to the metaphase plate.
C. Chromatids lose their kinetochores.
D. Cohesin is cleaved enzymatically.
E. Cohesin attaches the sister chromatids to each other.

Answer 1

Anaphase begins when cohesin proteins, which hold sister chromatids together, are enzymatically cleaved, allowing the chromatids to separate and move to opposite poles.

Step-by-step explanation:

The beginning of anaphase in mitosis is marked by a critical event in which the protein complex known as cohesin is enzymatically cleaved. This cleavage allows the sister chromatids, which have been held together since the replication of chromosomes in the S phase, to separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. Thus, the correct answer to the question 'The beginning of anaphase is indicated by which of the following?' is D. Cohesin is cleaved enzymatically.

Answer 2

D. Cohesin is cleaved enzymatically.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cohesin is a protein that holds sisters chromatids together. Anaphase begins with the cleavage of that protein, enabling centromeres to split, and the movement of new daughter chromosomes toward the poles.

During the anaphase, microtubules that are not attached to chromosomes elongate and push apart. This elongation makes the cell longer and separates the poles.