Question

Was Ivan the Terrible really so terrible?

Answer 1

Ivan the Terrible, the first Tsar of Russia, had a complex reign marked by expansion and brutality. The extent to which he was 'terrible' is debated among historians.

Step-by-step explanation:

Ivan the Terrible, also known as Ivan IV, was the first Tsar of Russia. He ruled from 1547 to 1584. While his reign was marked by significant accomplishments such as expanding Russian territory and modernizing the military, he also engaged in ruthless and brutal acts.

For example, Ivan the Terrible is notorious for his role in the massacre of Novgorod in 1570, where thousands of inhabitants were killed. He also executed many individuals, including his own son, leading to his nickname 'the Terrible.'

However, it is essential to consider the context of the time and the challenges Ivan IV faced, such as numerous rebellions and external threats. Overall, the extent to which Ivan the Terrible was 'terrible' is a subject of debate among historians.

Answer 2

When Ivan became a complete autocrat he tortured and executed nobles and clergy alike without trial if he thought they were against him. He created an elite military force who wore all black, rode black horses and used the symbols of a broom and a dog's head to show that they were there to sweep out all the dogs, meaning everyone who they considered disloyal to Ivan.

This militia, called the oprichniki, tortured and executed thousands in Ivan's name and at his direction. The worst of this group's actions was the massacre of tens of thousands of Russians in Novgorod in 1569 because Ivan thought they were plotting with Poland against him.

Ivan later began executing members of that militia as well.

In one incident while in a rage killed his own son.