Final answer:
In Biology, transformation involves the uptake of external DNA by a cell, leading to changes in its morphology and physiology. This process is commonly observed in bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. It can result in the conversion of a non-virulent strain into a virulent one.
Step-by-step explanation:
Transformation in Biology refers to the process in which external DNA is taken up by a cell, resulting in a change in its morphology and physiology. This genetic change through gene transfer is commonly observed in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. For example, in the case of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the bacterium that causes pneumonia, transformation can lead to the conversion of a non-virulent strain (rough) into a virulent one (smooth).