A thesis statement sounds the most like what the question is asking for. A thesis statement summarizes the main point or claim in the text.
A counter argument is a set of reasons used to oppose an idea or a claim. So like dogs vs cats, I prefer cats they prefer dogs. “This is why cats are better”, would be my counter argument to, “this is why dogs are better”
A rebuttal is to refute or to contradict an idea or claim. This is usually based off of e wide de and not just opinions unlike the counter argument.
Lastly textual evidence is just evidence you get from the text.